Cycle life tests of High Energy density cylindrical cells

1. Earlier we clarified the question about the battery test. First, she was charged, after which she was given 1 minute to rest and put on the rack.

2. After 200 charge-discharge cycles, the cell's capacity became 4800 mAh. Charge 1C discharge 1C, pause 1 minute, ambient temperature 23 degrees
 
Some information about the upcoming Lishen 21700 format 5.8Ah cell (LR2170SK):

- Rated at 20.88Wh or 5.8Ah at 3.6V, with given minimum capacity of 5.65Ah @ -0.2C
- Efficiency at -1C is >93% efficiency, making the cell probably closer to 5.2Ah-5.3Ah under use.
- Cycle life given is >80% capacity after 500 cycles at -1C (down to 2.75V and +0.5C up to 4.20V) with 30mins intervals between cycles (both at end of charge and start of discharge).

The technical datasheet was found here.
Cells are available for retail purchase there from a company in the USA based in Las Vegas, Nevada.

I am taking this opportunity to include a roadmap for 2024 by Lishen which shows, amongst others, two 4695 cells (energy and power variants, 33Ah and 30Ah respectively) and two tabless 21700 power cells (4.0Ah and 5.0Ah):

Lishen 2024 (1).jpg
I'd also like to include a roadmap schedule for the 46mm cylindrical series by Lishen that I found for the 4695 and 46120 formats:

Lishen 2024 (2).jpg
 

Attachments

  • Lishen LR2170SK (5.8Ah).pdf
    2.9 MB · Views: 13
Anyone heard of Kumyang?
They're from South Korea and a newcomer in the cylindrical manufacturing area.
Their cells are high energy and rated for -3C max continuous discharge.

Their planned 21700 are:
  • KY INR21700-40P
  • KY INR21700-42P
  • KY INR21700-48E
  • KY INR21700-49E
  • KY INR21700-50E
  • KY INR21700-53E
  • KY INR21700-55E
  • KY INR21700-58E
  • KY INR21700-60E
There are also 46mm cylindrical cells:
  • KY INR4680-270E
  • KY INR4695-340E
  • KY INR46110-410E
  • KY INR46120-460E
(Seeing the "E" makes me think that "P" power variants may also be under consideration. 😎)

More information here:
Kumyang Co., Ltd.
Kumyang Co., Ltd.

Extracts (for posterity):
1723644127413.png
1723644147334.png
1723644163961.png
1723644175627.png
1723644185216.png
 
1. Earlier we clarified the question about the battery test. First, she was charged, after which she was given 1 minute to rest and put on the rack.

2. After 200 charge-discharge cycles, the cell's capacity became 4800 mAh. Charge 1C discharge 1C, pause 1 minute, ambient temperature 23 degrees
That is terrible cycle life, no?
 
Anyone heard of Kumyang?
They're from South Korea and a newcomer in the cylindrical manufacturing area.
Their cells are high energy and rated for -3C max continuous discharge.

Their planned 21700 are:
  • KY INR21700-40P
  • KY INR21700-42P
  • KY INR21700-48E
  • KY INR21700-49E
  • KY INR21700-50E
  • KY INR21700-53E
  • KY INR21700-55E
  • KY INR21700-58E
  • KY INR21700-60E
There are also 46mm cylindrical cells:
  • KY INR4680-270E
  • KY INR4695-340E
  • KY INR46110-410E
  • KY INR46120-460E
(Seeing the "E" makes me think that "P" power variants may also be under consideration. 😎)

More information here:
Kumyang Co., Ltd.
Kumyang Co., Ltd.

Extracts (for posterity):
View attachment 358179
View attachment 358180
View attachment 358181
View attachment 358182
View attachment 358183
Woah, these look nice!

I wish I could get my hands on them :D
 
Yeah, which is why it's weird.

Some HE cells despise being charged at 1C at ambient temps (20/25C depending on testing criteria), but it shouldn't be that bad even then.
yea, looking at the chart above, some of the Lishen cells say 60% after 300 cycles, that also seems horrendous. Assuming contractors buy power tools that use them, and assuming they use them for 2 cycles a day, they will have lost almost half of their capacity after 5 months? wow
 
yea, looking at the chart above, some of the Lishen cells say 60% after 300 cycles, that also seems horrendous. Assuming contractors buy power tools that use them, and assuming they use them for 2 cycles a day, they will have lost almost half of their capacity after 5 months? wow

Yes. If you're using plain CC-CV and don't even have proper passive cooling at the end of the discharge, your cell will die rather quickly.

There's a reason phone makers and EV makers are hell bent on maximizing charging efficiency through the usage of better charging algos and active thermal management.

Heck, even CP-CV (Constant Power Constant Voltage) charging will help cycle life decently, so it should be the basis to all modern chargers, but it currently isn't.
 
@Pajda How about those EVE 35v? Because I ordered 340 cells to assemble a pack of 20s17p for falcon ebike. All tests confirmed their good reliability, they held the parameters well according to the technical sheets.
 
@Pajda I have a special request.

Can your set your charger to turn on and off at X interval?

You could test mild pulse charging like I've seen in 2 scientific articles recently discussing of adding low complexity charging algorithms to existing devices:

To make it short, mild pulse charging uses low frequency charging/relaxation steps.

Opposite to high frequency pulse charging switching at 1Hz-10kHz, we go sub 1Hz with intervals of up to 25s charging-25s relaxation.

This increases battery efficiency a bit, increasing cycle life and being very easy to implement. It doesn't have the larger gains fully optimized frequency (fzmin) charging has, but it doesn't have the downsides of a complex implementation or the possibility of not being better at all than mild CC-CV charging.

In summary, I would like for you to (if you can of course):

- Do a normal 4.2V cycle life test with 0.5C CCCV charging.
- Do a tweaked 4.2V cycle life test with 25s 1C charging/25s relaxation mild pulse charging.
You could also try 20s 1C charging/20s relaxation mild pulse charging to exactly mirror other litterature (0.05Hz).

Both would use a run of the mill >=5Ah cell to test an average cell.
This would be a hard test for such a cell, but doable and would allow us to see if there are benefits with the types of cells that we like to use.

Thank you again for everything you do.
 
Last edited:
On the topic of scientific articles:

This article is inherently super interesting for high energy density lithium-ion cells that utilize silicon in their anodes without any special design or encapsulation considerations because of possible rate-independent lithium plating that happens if negative and positive electrode capacities aren't matched:

Generally, the
latter can be avoided in fresh cells by simply using a negative
electrode to positive electrode capacity ratio (n:p ratio) greater than 1
(Fig. 7a). However, if active material from the negative electrode is
lost during aging, rate-independent lithium plating will occur even in
cells with excess negative electrode capacity (Fig. 7b).
Since uncontained silicon tends to behave weidrly when utilized vs graphite, any loss of usable silicon will more unevenly reduce anode capacity, creating a situation where rate independent lithium plating can happen.

Umm, this is interesting.
Cell internal resistance
often increases during aging, in part due to the growth of side
reaction products on the surface of the electrode particles. This effect
is most pronounced for oxide-based positive electrode materials like
NMC, nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium cobalt oxide
(LCO), and lithium manganese oxide (LMO), as they operate well
above the stability window of the electrolyte
Huh, that would explain a lot of things.
 
Last edited:
@Pajda I have a special request.

Can your set your charger to turn on and off at X interval?
Sorry for later reply, we were a little flooded in central Europe. Yes this topic is very interesting and my BTS can do this.

I guess we need to figure out the specific test settings. Typically what type of cell to choose (HE/HP), DoD range and then whether to stay with 0.5C CCCV base charging or move to 1C CCCV base compared to 2C mild pulse charging., where I expect more visible practical benefits?
 
Sorry for later reply, we were a little flooded in central Europe. Yes this topic is very interesting and my BTS can do this.

I guess we need to figure out the specific test settings. Typically what type of cell to choose (HE/HP), DoD range and then whether to stay with 0.5C CCCV base charging or move to 1C CCCV base compared to 2C mild pulse charging., where I expect more visible practical benefits?
The cell you should use first are HE cells of the "generic" 5Ah variety. I vote for the Samsung 50E since it's a widely available "last gen" cell, not a leading edge cell like current tabless ones like the P50B that eats up high current charging due to its thin high Si-C anode.

The DOD should be 2.5-4.2V so it stresses both the anode SEI and the cathode interfacial resistance related degradation to the max for both charging protocols. It's mostly to see the difference in IR growth compared to CCCV because even if capacity loss is higher, a lower IR growth progression rate is very interesting to see.

Good idea on the current protocol part. We'll test with 2C 0.05Hz 50% duty cycle pulse charging vs 1C CCCV to make the initial testing much faster and see any interesting patterns popping up; if it both improves cycle life and lowers IR growth, we won't need additional testing. If it lowers IR growth but increases capacity loss, you could do a 1C 0.05Hz 50% pulse vs 0.5C CCCV to check if the cycling loss is a general tendency or if the cell truly can't handle 2C currents without active thermal management.

In summary:
Samsung 50E cell.

Cell 1 is with 2C 50% duty cycle 0.05Hz pulse charging with a last step CV once the cell reaches 4.2V to avoid an overvoltage situation.

Cell 2
is with 1C CCCV.
 
Anyone heard of Kumyang?
They're from South Korea and a newcomer in the cylindrical manufacturing area.
Their cells are high energy and rated for -3C max continuous discharge.

Their planned 21700 are:
  • KY INR21700-40P
  • KY INR21700-42P
  • KY INR21700-48E
  • KY INR21700-49E
  • KY INR21700-50E
  • KY INR21700-53E
  • KY INR21700-55E
  • KY INR21700-58E
  • KY INR21700-60E
There are also 46mm cylindrical cells:
  • KY INR4680-270E
  • KY INR4695-340E
  • KY INR46110-410E
  • KY INR46120-460E
(Seeing the "E" makes me think that "P" power variants may also be under consideration. 😎)

More information here:
Kumyang Co., Ltd.
Kumyang Co., Ltd.

Extracts (for posterity):
View attachment 358179
View attachment 358180
View attachment 358181
View attachment 358182
View attachment 358183
With my new realizations, I'm 100% betting all the new cells are using Group 14's SCC555 anode material.
There's too much of a coincidence for these cells to be on the market now.
 
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