An idea I've scibbled on scratch paper on occasion is to take a common 3-speed Internally-Geared-Hub (IGH, Sturmey, Nexus...) and flip it over. It appears as though, if we have the freewheel on the left driving a chainring thats on the rear wheels disk brake flange, it would work.
The 3-speed body could be driven backwards (no reason it shouldn't work?) by a left side chain connecting a track-cog on the left side of the geared hub (hub spinning in the normal direction, cog mounted to the disk-brake flange). Some trike 3-speed IGHs already have a cog attached to the body.
When pedaling, the chain from the rear wheel disk-brake-flange to the 3-speed freewheel would be live, but the stock freewheel on the 3-sp would stop the 3-sp and the hub from spinning when you're pedaling.
I'd gear it so that the 2nd gear of the 3-sp would be used as the starting gear, and 3rd would be used as the top speed gear. First gear would be rarely used, and reserved for unusually steep hills. With the typical 30% gearing in a 3-sp IGH, (second gear being direct-drive), one possible example would be 14-MPH, 21-MPH, and 28-MPH (22, 34, 45 k/h). In normal daily use, it would operate as a 2-speed transmission. On this graphic (thats so totally awesome, it looks like a photograph, thanks MS-Paint!) I'm talking about configuration A.
edit: forgot to mention before...AJ has broken a 3-speed IGH running high-power through a single-stage to the rear axle. If the final-drive chain has a 2:1 ratio (between the axle and IGH), the 3-sp will be spinning at twice the RPMs as the rear axle, and that means the tooth-loading inside the IGH will be cut in half. Plus I wouldn't be running near the power that AJ did.