The watts rating on a motor by convention are mechanical watts output (neglecting heat output). State law that I have seen only mentions watts, not what kind of watts, & only the watts of the motor, without any reference to its load or application. Thus the watts of the motor should be legally determined with the motor in a vice on a bench, no external load. If you run the motor to wind out, top speed & check the amps drawn, you get input watts, which must be less than output mechanical watts. & those watts will be less than start up watts, where watts & torque will be maximum; fastest speed should be minimum watts. Output mechanical watts can be measured by torque times speed. But torque will be minimal at fastest speed. The issue with eBikes is this 750W limit, which seems all sellers ignore, as it says LESS THAN 750, but while "750 Watt" rated eBikes are common (technically illegal watts) , you never see 749 Watts (legal watts). What is wrong with these sellers? Can't they come up with 749 watt motors? But I suspect that a bench test on a "750 Watt" motor would be less than 750 Watts, even tho it is input watts. Has anybody tested this (run motor wind out to top speed on bench, & measure amps, & multiple amps x volts? -IMHO