The only electronics inside are hall sensors that receive a 5v regulated supply from the controller.
Running at a high voltage won't do any harm to the gears, neither will it overheat anything. It's the current that does the damage. You have to think about the overall power going to the motor. If you double the voltage and half the current, the power's virtually the same. Doubling the voltage will double the motor's RPM, and it pushes the whole efficiency curve up the RPM band, so, when running at full throttle, but at half the no =-load RPM, the motor will be inefficient, so more heat is made. If you're struggling up a hill at 1/3 of your no-load speed, melt-down will be imminent. You have to match the motor speed to your actual travelling speed to get good efficiency,bearing in mind how much torque and power it has.
Assuming that you have a code 15 or 13 BPM, you could run at 96v and maybe 20 amps as long as you don't have many hills,or if you're careful when using the power.