The fastest charging chemistry is LTO, Lithium Titanate. But these cells generally have low energy density and are lower voltage cells than other Li-ion chemistry. They can charge at 5C, which is ~3X faster than the Samsung.
You won't find many in 18650 format, however. And the battery will be very large.
The A 123 M1 18650 has a fast charge rate of 4C,... Low capacity but high charge rate.
, ..I believe the newer ones used in F1 packs ,can charge much faster (but impossible to source)
Time to go Lipo. I just ordered some HK turnigy multistar lipo batteries to replace my 18650 pack on my bike. With my 400w (20Ah) charger my 16ah batteries should be done and balanced within about an hour