Compression Ratio: A typical diesel engine has a compression ratio of between 16 and 18 to 1. CNG usually works best between 10 and 12; so new or modified pistons are required, with an appropriately shaped combustion chamber to allow proper air-fuel mixing.
Spark Plugs: Diesels don’t have spark plugs; instead they have diesel fuel injectors. A diesel conversion replaces the injector with a spark plug and may also require an insert to go through the valve cover – depending on the engine. Spark plug wear is a common problem, and the high compression ratio and use of gaseous fuel requires higher spark voltage than a petrol car.
Valves: Natural Gas is a dry fuel so valve seats in a converted engine need to be hardened to prevent abnormal wear. Older engines need valve guide seals to prevent engine vacuum from drawing oil into the combustion chamber.
Thermal Issues: Spark ignited engines run hotter than diesels. Such engines may require upgraded thermal management components, including larger oil coolers, larger radiators, and heat shields around exhaust components.
Catalytic Converter: A catalyst will generally be required to meet emission regulations. The exception is lean-burn engines, which, if carefully engineered, can meet certain emissions targets without a converter.
Engine Management System: Your choice will depend on the exhaust emissions requirements, efficiency targets, durability expectations, technology level of the vehicle and peripheral device control requirements such as cruise control, power take-off, automatic transmissions etc. AFS produces a range of products or can custom design for these varying requirements.