As mentioned by another poster, the increase in NOx is only under specific conditions, and is a temporary state as the engine is sped up and slowed down. I state this to clarify that these diesels are not continuously spewing NOx.
I am not excusing their complicity, but I do hope to encourage some perspective. If VW was directed to produce a bio-diesel hybrid (as opposed to them simply paying a fine), I believe that would be a wonderful thing. In a hybrid vehicle, during the few times that the back-up engine is running...it runs at a continuous RPM. When run at a continuous RPM, any gasoline or diesel engine can very easily be made to run extra clean.
The info I have read about concerning solid state batteries (SSD's), is very exciting, and they should be readily available in 2020. This is good news for electric cars, and also for hybrids.
If a large cargo ship is delivering a full load of VW diesel cars, the bunker oil that the ship burns on that one trip will pollute FAR more than all the exhaust of all the VW diesels that it is delivering, for their entire lives. Hating on VW for their diesel pollution is like telling a fat person to lose weight by getting a haircut. VW diesels are not even in the top ten air polluters.